Border Road Organization-Choose As a Career Option

Border Road Organization is a multifaceted, modern construction organization committed to meeting the strategic needs of the armed forces. The role Organization is to develop and maintain the operational road infrastructure in border areas and It also contributes to the socio-economic development of the border states.

It was raised in 1960 to carve roads through difficult Himalayas in North-Western and North-Eastern border areas of the country. Though for basic purpose it is a road constructing civil engineering organization – task function-wise similar to central and or state PWDs- yet in that of Corps of Engineers of the India Army.

It constructs and maintains roads in virgin areas where other civil engineering works- executing agencies are unable to operate. The officers, supervisors and men required for maintaining this Force are drawn partly from the Armed Forces, especially Corps of Engineers, and partly enrolled/enlisted from open market exclusively for this force. A few officers, especially doctors, are drawn from Indian Air Force and the Navy also.

The troops enrolled exclusively for manning functions of this organization are collectively known as General Reserve Engineer Force, or ‘GREF’. The personnel drawn from other defence forces are considered on normal military duty.

In other words while the phrase Border Roads Organization stands for the department as a whole, ‘GREF’ is the name of the collective body of the former’s whole-time regular employees, recruited, maintained and deployed, exclusively on execution of BRO’s projects/ works only. The technical head of the organization, located at New Delhi, named as Director General Border Roads, is a Lt. General from Corps of Engineers.

The Border Road Organization is a potential employer not only for technically qualified/ trained professionals but also for semi skilled and unskilled youths having aptitude for outdoor life.

Setup of Units

The lower most independent working unit in is called Road Construction Company, or ‘RCC’. Like a Division of the provincial PWD, an RCC is commanded by an officer of the rank of Executive Engineer or Major.

It comprises of functional platoons like ‘Formation Cutting Platoon’ for cutting new roads; ‘Permanent Works platoon’ for construction of culverts, retaining and breast walls, drains and parapets, etc; ‘Surfacing Platoon’ for keeping the finished roads in good repairs. These Platoons are Placed under the charge of a Platoons Officer of the rank of Assistant Executive Engineer or a Captain, who reports to the Officer Commanding RCC for all executives, administrative and financial matters.

A few RCCs make Border Roads Task Force, or ‘BRTF’, which is like a Circle of the provincial PWD or an Engineer Regiment of the Army. Earlier Task Force(s) an Engineer Regiment of the Army. Earlier Task(s) used to be commanding by a Superintending Engineer or a Colonel of Corps of Engrs. A few BRTFs put together form a BRO Project. A Project is commanded by a chief Engineer of GREF or a Brgadier of the Corps of Engrs.

To assist the RCCs and BRTFs produce optimum results, the organization, has certain common service units like ‘Engineer Stores supply & Transport Company’ or for procurement, storage, issuance and transport of construction stores; ‘Field Workshop’ or ‘Field Workshop Platoon’ for maintenance and repairs of the departmental vehicles and assorted hill cutting/road building/maintaining machinery and Base Depots’ for holding buffer stocks of stores and equipment.

The organization in addition holds ‘GREF Pioneer Companies, each having some 400 Pioneers, who are the organization’s foot soldiers. They handle all kinds of manual tasks, which otherwise can’t be got executed casual daily wagers.

Border Road Organization also borrows a complement of Army Pioneer who are authorized and also fire arms for security duties with movement of cash, sensitive documents and or VIPs. These common service units are manned by officers having expertise in specific fields. Non-technical administrative officers command the GREF pioneer companies, who form bulk of the force.

The Medical Staging Sections and Medical Inspection Rooms take care of the sick and suffering troops, while Dental officer and his team move from camp to camp for checking and improving the denture of the road building troops deployed in forward areas.

While every Border Road Organization project has one Signal Officer for manning the wireless communications network, a Postal Unit is there to look after movement of official daak as well as the private mail of the troops. Provost unit is one more setup in a Project for taking care of the internal as well as external security in the organization.

The GREF officers and men are simultaneously governed under two separate sets of rules. For the purpose of recruitment, leave, pay and allowances and retirement or discharge etc, they are governed under Central Civil Services Regulations.

For the purpose of discipline, however, they are / can also be simultaneously governed under the provision of Army Act, 1950, with certain essential modifications, specially dove-tailed for GREF.

The application of the Army Act entitles the GREF personnel, to a number of privileges like those entitled to the personnel of other wings of the Armed Forces.

Cadres of GREF officers

Many GREF officers are Civil Engineers, followed by the Electrical & Mechanical Engineers. Both these groups are constituted into Border Roads Engineering Services, or ‘BRES’. Next numerically lesser strong groups are GREF Administrative Officers and Medical Officers.

Categories of Tradesmen in Border Road Organization

The bulk of working strength of GREF comprises of the roads and buildings. They are Pioneers, Masons, Drillers, Dozer Operators, Compressor Drivers, Mechanics, Electricians, Carpenters, Mates, Leading Hands, Overseers, etc. The aforesaid road making troops are supported by clerks, nursing assistants, wireless operators, safaiwalas, cooks etc., who are responsible for running the administration in offices and camps.

Recruitment in Border Road Organization

The recruitment of GREF officers is conducted by Union Public Services Commission based on the head of the organization. The BRES officers are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission through an All India Engineering Services Examinations. Officers of the other cadres are recruited by the UPSC through interview only. In addition, a good number of officers rise from and out of organization’s serving lower ranks through departmental promotions.

The recruitment of various categories of GREF subordinates is done centrally by the Commandant, GREF Centre and Records, located at Pune in Maharashtra. While the advertising of the vacancies in officers cadres is done by UPSC through leading newspapers of the country, that for the subordinates is done by GREF Records by inserting advertisement in the newspapers.

Pay and Allowances in Border Road Organization.

In the matter of pay and allowances, while services officers and personnel retain their respective original terms and conditions of the defense service, the GREF troops are governed by Central Govt.’s scales of pay.

Employees Group Insurance Schemes, General Provident Fund, House Rent Allowance, allotment of Govt. Accommodation, gratuity etc. all are applicable to GREF nearly at par with other Central Govt employees. Rather the BRO’s field of work being in remote areas, the troops while deployed in those hard areas are entitled at a good number of places of work to remote locality allowance at variable rates according to the pay scale and the place of work.

Those posted to Anadamans & Nicobar and or North-Eastern Region, Ladakh etc. get an additional allowance.

In additional to above benefits of Central Govt. Services, the GREF personnel also enjoy free ration and Canteen facilities.

Promotional prospects

A direct entry AEE (Civil) can rise upto the post of Additional DGBR. An Electrical and Mechanical Engineer Officer who joins organization as Asstt. Executive Engineer can hope to rise up to the level of Chief Engineer. The Medical Officers can rise up to Deputy Chief Medical Officer (SG) and Administrative Officers to the post of Director (Adm). The subordinates having lesser promotional prospects get time bound higher pay scales.

For an industrious individual who has zeal for outdoor work, spirit of patriotism and craving to serve the mother land, who sees pride in belonging to a uniformed/disciplined setup, Border Roads Organization is the best choice for realizing ones cherished career dreams.

http://www.bro.gov.in/

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Veneers are a permanent way of changing the appearance of your teeth in cosmetic dentistry. A dentist uses a thin, tooth colored shell to cover the front of your natural tooth. If you have cracked, chipped, uneven or stained teeth, you might consider getting veneers. Another reason to get them would be to close a large gap between teeth. Although they look great when done correctly, making the decision to get veneers should be carefully considered because it does permanently change your teeth.

There are two main kinds of veneers. These are porcelain and composite resin veneers. Porcelain veneers are generally the preferred choice because they will outlast the composite resin variety. You can get one or more veneers as needed, but if you get them at separate times, you may have a little trouble with matching the exact color.

Porcelain veneers are usually the best choice because they are stain resistant, and typically last longer. They also do a better job of matching the natural look of your other teeth. It does take longer to get them, however, because they are created at a separate lab outside of your dentist office, so you may need to have a temporary veneer while waiting for your permanent porcelain one to be ready. If your porcelain veneer is cracked or chipped, it cannot be repaired and will have to be replaced.

Resin veneers are less stain resistant, and usually aren’t preferred, but may be a better option for some cases. They usually are created within the dentist office, so they can be applied sooner, and they are less expensive. One downside to getting composite resin veneers is they don’t last nearly as long. Expect them to last around five to seven years.

Which veneer is better?

Although a porcelain veneer is more likely to last longer and is more stain resistant, there are times when a resin veneer is more appropriate. Composite resin is preferred in some cases because it is possible to adjust and repair them if they don’t look quite right or become damaged.

How are they applied?

The dentist will take impressions of your teeth to use as a guide for designing your veneers. Before they can be attached to your teeth, the dentist will have to file away some of your natural enamel. This step is not reversible. Then they will cement the veneer to your natural tooth using a dental resin. Some patients have increased tooth sensitivity because of the removal of the natural enamel.

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The endodontist (or the dentist himself) frequently has to do root-canal treatment on one or more teeth, either because a nerve is involved already, will be involved after teeth are prepared for crowns, or because one root has to be removed from a tooth in order to save the other two roots.

The Compromise Treatment Plan

One might one consider not going along with the ideal treatment plan? Usually, the reason for not going for the maximum is money. There are not that many people in a financial position to undertake spending $40,000 to $80,000 on their mouths, even over a two- or three-year period. Does that mean that you have to give up if your mouth needs extensive repairs? No, not at all! There are other approaches for good dental health, which also may help you keep your teeth. Remember, in all treatment plans, the key steps are to eliminate infection in the gum and bone around teeth that can be saved, and extract hopeless teeth. Now, what variables are left that might be handled differently at lower costs?

ENDODONTICS

The first obvious compromise on dental health is to not do the root-canal treatment on a particular tooth unless it is a key tooth. In other words, this key tooth must be saved or the entire dental plan changes. So if a tooth is not a key tooth, extract it. Savings here could be as much as $800 to $3000, considering costs of root canal treatment, posts, and a crown.

If there are several teeth requiring root canals, then it might be best to extract them, and consider a removable partial denture.

PERIODONTICS: Extract any teeth that are too mobile.

Extract any teeth that require bone grafting, should those teeth have a questionable future even if the grafts took.

Extract any molar teeth that have periodontal disease invading the bone surrounding the roots. This is more important on the upper molar. Lower molars seem to hold up somewhat better.

Extract any teeth that are very disruptive to creating a normal occlusion, because they are in poor position spatially in the dental arch.

Extract any teeth that have less than 35 percent bone support and mobility, or have a deep pocket, even on one side, approaching the tip of the root.

By removing teeth falling into the above categories, there would be less treatment needed, and the final dental health plan would be simpler and probably cost less.

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There are many manufacturing processes in the world and many industries which use the same manufacturing processes. However, the one that is widely used is the additive manufacturing technique. Usually, in a normal manufacturing process the end product is produced by chiseling and carving the raw material into the desired product. However, this is not the case with the additive process.

In this manufacturing process, the structure of the products is created by adding layers of material one over the other in a significant way to create the end result. The layers added are minuscule and thin and is added with the help of cartridge filled with the desired material. The cartridge sprays the material slowly one layer over another in a gradual process to create the final result. The entire procedure is guided and handled by CAD software and a computer which acts as a printer to print the product.

Advantages of additive manufacturing

Some of the benefits of using this manufacturing technique are:

• One can create products and final results which are complex and those which cannot be created using traditional methods. One can create a huge variety of shapes and figures as they will not be carved out of a single unit but will be produced using gradual layering.

• The products which are created are also better in terms of strength and durability as there are no chances of flaws and weak points in the product. Also, the process of additive manufacturing helps in protecting the environment as compared to factory methods.

• The additive manufacturing also makes the process of production flexible in terms of resources as one can make changes in the design easily.

• The process is also cost and time effective meaning the process gets completed much faster with the help of CAD software. This is the reason why most of the companies are choosing this process over the traditional ones.

Applications of additive manufacturing

Some of the applications where additive manufacturing is used extensively are:

• Turbos and turbines: the production of turbines is greatly helped by additive production processes these days. Mostly aerospace industry uses the technique to create lightweight turbos in minimum costing and designing complexity. Also, it helps in reducing the time consumption all the while keeping in mind safety.

• Orthopedic implants: there are many kinds of products and implants that are used in the industry of dentistry like crowns, dentures, bridges, etc. All these products are created by the additive manufacturing techniques, these days to reduce the cost and also to reduce the production time keeping in mind the safety and quality standards.

• Repair: these days the tool repairing is also done with the help of additive manufacturing, which is also called as metal laser sintering. This makes the downtime less and also help in optimizing the functioning life of the tool.

• Jewelry: to create new and more intricate designs of the jewelry additive production processes are used. This way one can achieve the new and unusual kind of designs with complete metal density. This also helps in lessening the production time and cost.

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Dental surgery in Panama is all about world-class treatment facilities, caring staff and top-notch post-operative facilities. While, treating dental implant surgery or cosmetic dental surgery, you would rather head off for Panama when the need of the hour is overseas surgery.

How Does Panama Qualify As An Ideal Dental Surgery Destination

The reasons for getting your dental surgery done in Panama are numerous, like:

? Most of the practicing dental surgeons in Panama speak English

? Panama has excellent facilities for diagnosis and testing services.

? Most of the doctors are trained in USA

? It costs far less to have your surgery done in Panama than in USA or any other Western country, for that matter.

? US dollar can be used

? And above all, your postoperative care is complimented by a visit to the pristine beaches and virgin forests of Panama.

The Many Forms of Dental Surgeries Undertaken In Panama

Tooth extraction is the most common form of dental surgery in Panama. However, extractions can be both simple and complicated. For a simple one, a dentist will softly remove the affected teeth with local anesthesia. On the other hand, in complicated cases the dentist goes for special surgical treatments like making a slit into the gum to reach the tooth. Such dental gum surgeries cost far more in USA and other European countries.

Tooth implantation by inserting a fake tooth is another popular dental surgery and the dentists in Panama have proved to be experts in such cases.

Other types of dental surgeries done in Panama are

? For fitting braces on extremely uneven teeth surfaces – This is mainly done for a proper dental synchronization

? For fitting permanent dentures

? For root canal treatment

? Repair and dental gum surgery

? Cosmetic dental surgery

? Preparation for bridges or prosthetics

The reasons may vary but the intention is the same – an overseas surgery for a sound dental condition at reasonable costs.

Some More Reasons To Opt For Panama

If you want to allow your teeth to go through a dental surgery in Panama, you can either pay an official visit to a doctor just for an amount of $10, or you can plan to get admitted in a private hospital at a cost of $800 with includes facilities and services. The dental care provided in the Panama City is no less when compared to the US facilities but the cost is indeed low. Thus, an effective overseas surgery at a reasonable cost attracts most travelers to this Latin American City.

If you plan to come for a dental surgery in Panama, you can take direct flights to and from Miami, Los Angeles, Houston, New York and other cities. In Panama, some of the best professionals of dental surgery have come together to provide the highest quality dental treatments and services.

The standards of dental surgery in Panama have reached new heights in the recent past.

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